Business Makers

Business is very good thing and business gives money in larger amount that’s why everyone wants to start their own business because through business a person can earn more comparison to do any other kind of work. If you are working in any private or government firm but you are a worker it means you earn money in less amount comparison to business that’s why persons want to make their own business.
Starting business is not a simple task it’s a very risky thing, if you have done a single mistake for starting business you may get great loss that’s why before starting any new business be alert and serious because it’s the money you had earn by your hard labor that’s why every time open your mind and take any important decision by free mind.

Commercial Invoice: It is a bill or invoice made by the exported. It contains the following information:

Name and address of the exporter
Name and address of the importer
Export order number and date
Description of goods
Number of packages
Per unit value of goods
Total value
Terms of shipment
Terms of payment
Name of the ship

Proforma invoice is an offer by the exporter to an importer.  In contains the following information:

Name and address of the importer
Specifications of goods
Unit price
Quantity of goods
Currency in which offer is given
Terms of shipment
Terms of payment
Last date of validity of the offer

Chambers of Commerce are voluntary and non-profit-making organizations of all types of businessmen operating in particular territory, for the protection a promoting of the in tersest of the business community in general and do that territory in particular. A hamper of commerce is a representative body of businessmen. It differs form a trade association, as it does not confine its interests operations to only on particular trade or industry. Rather it represents the business community and particular region, country or the world as whole. The composition and constitution of a chamber of commerce differ form country to country. In France; they have a legal status and are entitled to operate public undertakings like docks, warehouses, etc. In other countries they are voluntary organizations. In India, every major State has its own chamber of commerce. Associated Chamber of Commerce, Indian Chamber of Commerce Bengal Camber Commerce, Indian Merchants Chamber, Delhi, Mariana and Punjab Chamber e commerce are a few examples. Many chambers of commerce are affiliated to the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), New Delhi, formed in 1926 or to the Associated Chambers of commerce (ASSOCHAM) Calcutta, sets up in 1920 to improve the terms and conditions of business bet venation and to encourage better international understanding.

The main functions of chambers of commerce are as follows:

Representing the business community on Government and other committees and conferences and keeping the government aware of the problems of trade and industry in the country;
Acting as the spokesman of the business community and making suggestion as representations for securing legislation that will foster trade industry;
Settling disputes among members by arbitration;
Educating public opinion the work and problems of the business community. Sending delegates and arranging trade fairs and exhibitions to further the interest of the business community.
Standardizing and improving trade practices through code of conduct;
Providing facilities for education and research;
Collecting an disseminating information reading to general business condition and keeping members informed of latest developments in the field of business;
Arranging lectures, seminars, discussions, etc., for the exchange of views between members;
Some chambers conduct examinations and awed diplomas and issue certificates of origin to exporters.

The main factors determining business ethics are as follows:

Personal Values: The personal values and belief of top managers largely determine the level of ethics in company.  Lower level managers and workers follow the ethical standards adopted y their superiors.

Social Factors: The values, customs and traditions of a particulars society govern the ethical behavior of citizens and businessmen in that society.  Society a compel business community to follow ethical norms.

Professional Codes: Ethical codes prescribed by professional associations influence ethics in business.  For example, the All India Management Association (AIMA) has laid down a code of conduct for professional managers.

Political Factors: The Government in power, political parties and leading politicians exercise significant influence on business ethics.  Legislative measures, judicial measures and executive measures determine ethical standards in business.

 
Business ethics requires that business persons must take decisions actions, which are in conformity with the prevailing norms or standards of society.  Ethics determines whether business behavior is right or wrong in terms of truth and justice.  For example, adulteration, black-marketing, false advertising are against business ethics. Ethic cal behavior is above behavior required by law.  Law reflects what society considers minimum standards of behavior.  Business ethics refers to standards of morality to be-followed in business.  It varies form society to society and from one time period to another.

The main elements of business ethics are as follows:

Ethical lamination: It means being sensitive to ethical issues while taking business decisions.  Businessmen must identify the situations where their decisions may be detrimental it the welfare of society.

Ethical Identification and Ranking: Businessmen must be able to identify the ethical factors, which are relevant in business decision-making.  They should also rank the ethical issues in order of their importance.

Ethical Evaluation: In additions economic costs and benefits, ethics should also be used in evaluating outcomes of business decisions. However, there is bound to e some ambiguity and disagreement unethical thinking.  Businessmen must be able to tolerate such ambiguity and disagreement.

Ethical Competence: Businessman requires not only managerial competence but also ethical competence. Unethical behavior is very costly.  Therefore, ethical perspective must be an integral part of managerial training.

Ethical obligation: Managerial decision-making must be based upon a concern for justice, fairness and equality to people, groups and communities.

Business ethics refers to a system of moral standards or a rule of behavior or professional code of conduct, which businessmen should follow.  It includes all the moral standards of business such as honesty final dealings, truth in advertisements, use of right weighs and measures, etc.

Business ethics depends on several factors.  The pesos beliefs of businessmen influence the code of conduct he or she follows in his business dealings.  For example, a businessman who believes than it is not bad to overcharge customers will consider overcharging as normal business behavior.  Another businessman who considers it unethical is not likely to over charge and cheat costumers.  Therefore, business ethics warier form peons to person.

Social values and social forces exercise considerable influence on business ethics. For example, in a developing country like India it is normal for a tailor not to deliver the clothes on the promised date.  But In man developed countries the tailor failing to deliver the clothes on the promised due can be penalized severely.  Thus, business ethics differs form lace to place.

Business ethics also undergoes change with Tim.  Government rules and regulations change from time to time.  Now a producer of baby food has to mention, “Mother’s milk is the best food for a baby ” in his advertisement. Earlier it was not required.  Thus, business ethics varies from time to time.

Social values mean the moral standards by which members of a society judge the behavior of each other.  Values determine what is right or wrong or what people consider goods or bad behavior.  With regard to business, social values include the following: (i) The features of good business, (ii)The objective which business should pursue, and (iii)The manner in which businessmen should perform their affairs in the best interests of the society and on the basis of sound moral principles.

According to the prevailing social values, businessmen should not sell adulterated products nor should not juke false weights.  They should pay fir wages to employees and right amount of tax to the government.

Business ethics may be defending as the moral principles which should govern business activities in relation to society.  It suggests the ways and mans of running a business unmoral grounds.  Business ethics requires businessmen to e honest and truthful in their dealings.  They should adopt practices which are beneficial to society.

Business ethics is a set of moral principles governing the conduct of businessmen.  The most important question raised nosiness ethics is: should businessmen earn profit by any means? The answer is negative. Business ethics does not permit a businessman to adopt dishonest means for earning profits.  Businessmen should be honest and truthful and should not ague harm to others for personal gain.  Thus, business ethics suggests ways and means of running a business on the basis of sound moral conduct.

Business ethics require businessmen to observe certain moral and ethical standards in business dealings. Ethical considerations are important in business because businessmen are responsible for the welfare of society.  They can fulfill their social obligations only when they adopt ethical practices.  Business ethics helps incarnating harmonious relationships between business and society.  Social values, personal beliefs and government rules an deregulations are the main factory influencing business ethics.

Business can survive and grow only when the environment in which it operates is clean and safe for eel, animals and vegetation.  Therefore, environmental protectionism an important responsibility of business.  Business can contribute to environmental protection in the following ways:

• Use of clean and low waste technology in industry
• Recycling and revising industrial waste e.g. us of combustible waste in industrial boilers
• Scientific treatment of emissions before their release
• Assisting governmental agencies and egos inclining polluted rivers, managing hazardous substances and checking deforestation
• Installation of pollution resistant machinery
• Promoting awareness about ecological balance
• Planting trees on roads to keep the city green
• Use of CNG vehicles
• Fulfilling requirements for products to bear ECOMARK label
• Adopting other environmental friendly measures