Business Makers

Chambers of Commerce are voluntary and non-profit-making organizations of all types of businessmen operating in particular territory, for the protection a promoting of the in tersest of the business community in general and do that territory in particular. A hamper of commerce is a representative body of businessmen. It differs form a trade association, as it does not confine its interests operations to only on particular trade or industry. Rather it represents the business community and particular region, country or the world as whole. The composition and constitution of a chamber of commerce differ form country to country. In France; they have a legal status and are entitled to operate public undertakings like docks, warehouses, etc. In other countries they are voluntary organizations. In India, every major State has its own chamber of commerce. Associated Chamber of Commerce, Indian Chamber of Commerce Bengal Camber Commerce, Indian Merchants Chamber, Delhi, Mariana and Punjab Chamber e commerce are a few examples. Many chambers of commerce are affiliated to the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), New Delhi, formed in 1926 or to the Associated Chambers of commerce (ASSOCHAM) Calcutta, sets up in 1920 to improve the terms and conditions of business bet venation and to encourage better international understanding.

The main functions of chambers of commerce are as follows:

Representing the business community on Government and other committees and conferences and keeping the government aware of the problems of trade and industry in the country;
Acting as the spokesman of the business community and making suggestion as representations for securing legislation that will foster trade industry;
Settling disputes among members by arbitration;
Educating public opinion the work and problems of the business community. Sending delegates and arranging trade fairs and exhibitions to further the interest of the business community.
Standardizing and improving trade practices through code of conduct;
Providing facilities for education and research;
Collecting an disseminating information reading to general business condition and keeping members informed of latest developments in the field of business;
Arranging lectures, seminars, discussions, etc., for the exchange of views between members;
Some chambers conduct examinations and awed diplomas and issue certificates of origin to exporters.

The causes of various types of pollution are given below:

• Air Pollution: Smoke and other chemicals from industries and carbon monoxide form vehicles cause pollution of air.  Emission of smoke, gases, fumes, dust and ash leads to or pollution.  These harmful substances reduce the quality of air.
• Water Pollution: Business firms and people dump industrial effluents, waste and chemicals into jives, streams and lakes.  As a result water gees polluted.
• Land Pollution: Dumping of toxic waste and garage gausses pollution of land.  Excessive use of fertilizers, chemicals and pesticide also pollutes the soil.  As a result land becomes infertile and no grass or plants can grow.  It is necessary to restore the quality of land that has already been damaged.  It is also essential to prevent future pollution of land by adopting new methods of disposal of solid waste.
• Noise Pollution: Traffic and industries create noise in cities.

• Pollution means the injection of harmful substance into the environment. Since independence, growing population and rapid growth of industries in India have crated serious environmental problems.  For example, Delhi alone has more than 12.355 industries. The smoke and smell emanating from these industries are polluted their.  Such pollution affects the health of people.  It has been estimated that more than 5000 people die every year in India due to air pollution.  Most of the industries dump their liquid waste into rivers, canals and underground water which leads to pollution of drinking water.  Industries also cause noise pollution.

• The amount of environmental pollution depends upon the type of pollutant; the amount of pollutant disposed of into the environment and the distance of a place form the sources of pollution.

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